Specialiserad transduktion
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Transduction (genetics)
Transfer process in genetics
Transduction is the process by which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell by a virus or viral vector.[1] An example is the viral transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another and hence an example of horizontal gene transfer.[2][3][page&#;needed] Transduction does not require physical contact between the cell donating the DNA and the cell receiving the DNA (which occurs in conjugation), and it is DNase resistant (transformation is susceptible to DNase). Transduction is a common tool used by molecular biologists to stably introduce a foreign gene into a host cell's genome (both bacterial and mammalian cells).
Discovery (bacterial transduction)
[edit]Transduction was discovered in Salmonella by Norton Zinder and Joshua Lederberg at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in [4]
In the lytic and lysogenic cycles
[edit]Transduction happens through either the lytic cycle or the lysogenic cycle. When bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) that are lytic infect bacterial cells, they harness the replicational, transcriptional, and translation machinery of th
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The main difference between generalized and specialized transduction is that bacteriophages can take any portion of the host genome in generalized transduction, whereas bacteriophages pick up only a specific part of the host’s genome in specialized transduction.
Generalized and specialized transduction are two methods of transduction in which foreign DNA is introduced into the host cell by a virus.
Key Areas Covered
1. What is Generalized Transduction
– Definition, Features, Importance
2. What is Specialized Transduction
– Definition, Features, Importance
3. Similarities Generalized and Specialized Transduction
– Outline of Common Features
4. Difference Between Generalized and Specialized Transduction
– Comparison of Key Differences
Key Terms
Generalized Transduction, Specialized Transduction
What is Generalized Transduction
Generalized transduction is a process in which phages package any bacterial DNA, including chromosomal and plasmid DNA, and transfer it to another bacterium. When bacterial DNA is packed into the head of the phage, the bacteriophage is called the transducing particle. Earlier, it was thought that host
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Transduction is one process of transferring a bacteria’s DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) to another with the help of a virus (bacteriophage). Genetic transfer of host genes by bacteriophage occurs in two ways; generalized transduction and specialized transduction. Bacteria transfer their gene through other processes like transformation and conjunction. The bacteriophage and the target bacteria mediate the transduction of the bacterial gene, for example. P22 bacteriophage mediates the transduction (generalized and specialized) in the Salmonella typhimurium.
Specialized transduction is the process where the phage carries only a specific part of the host’s (bacteria) DNA as a part of the viral genome. It only occurs during the lysogenic cycle of bacteriophage and in some temperate phages. But specialized transduction is a highly efficient gene transfer mechanism.
Temperate phage is the phage that undergoes a lysogenic cycle for growth and multiplication.
Lytic and Lysogenic Cycle
Before discussing the steps of specialized transduction, let us briefly discuss the lytic and lysogenic cycle of bacteriophage.
The lytic cycle is the process of viral multiplication where the